Molecular requirements for human lymphopoiesis as defined by inborn errors of immunity

by rss feed | Jan 15, 2021 | CONCISE REVIEW, News Feeds

Patients with inborn errors of immunity represent a unique resource for the deep characterization of the human immune system. The study of these patients revealed essential and redundant requirements for the multilayered and complex mechanisms involved in not only...

The role of small extracellular vesicles in cerebral and myocardial ischemia—Molecular signals, treatment targets, and future clinical translation

by rss feed | Jan 12, 2021 | CONCISE REVIEW, News Feeds

Extracellular vesicle (EV)‐based therapeutic strategies. (a) EVs can be modified by adding peptides in order to increase the targeting ability or stability. (b) Stem cell‐derived EVs can be used directly because of their low immunogenicity and cell affinity. (c)...

Directed differentiation and direct reprogramming: Applying stem cell technologies to hearing research

by rss feed | Dec 30, 2020 | CONCISE REVIEW, News Feeds

This review analyzes two stem cell technologies: directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cell and direct reprogramming of somatic cells as methods to derive human specific inner ear cell types. In vitro platforms using organoids or monolayer cultures provide...

Metabolic and immune dysfunction of glia in neurodegenerative disorders: Focus on iPSC models

by rss feed | Dec 3, 2020 | CONCISE REVIEW, News Feeds

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) created from fibroblasts or other easily accessible human cells can be differentiated into patient‐specific glia such as oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia, and grown together with neurons in culture or in vivo for...

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in cancer stem cells

by rss feed | Dec 2, 2020 | CONCISE REVIEW, News Feeds

The model of m6A modification implicated in regulating cancer stem cell properties. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a unique subset of undifferentiated cells with stem cell‐like properties, have emerged as driving forces in mediating tumor growth, metastasis, and...

Telomerase RNA processing: Implications for human health and disease

by rss feed | Dec 2, 2020 | CONCISE REVIEW, News Feeds

TERC 3′ end maturation. Nascent TERC transcripts contain genomically encoded 3′ extensions (green). The extensions can be substrates for adenylation by PAPD5, which stimulates destruction of TERC by the RNA exosome. Conversely, PARN, TOE1, and possibly other...