Activation of β‐catenin by TGF‐β1 promotes ligament‐fibroblastic differentiation and inhibits cementoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells

Through an interrelation between TGF‐β1 and Wnt signaling, ligament‐fibroblastic differentiation of adult periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLCs) can be induced. Phosphorylated Smad3 by TGF‐β1 interacts with the active β‐catenin and moves into nucleus, followed by...